3D‐Printed Anisotropic Nanofiber Composites with Gradual Mechanical Properties

3D printing of bio-based nanomaterials into complex structures with design flexibility, structural anisotropy, and long-term stability is a key issue for biomedical applications. Herein, 3D-printed ionically crosslinked anisotropic, water-proof, tunable mechanical properties are fabricated using polysaccharide ink composed nanocellulose, alginate, CaCO3 nanoparticles. The excellent shear thinning the ink, combined double or even triple extrusion, allow (tubes, buckets, ears, boat models) high shape fidelity after crosslinking. anisotropically printed can be mechanically tuned by controlling fiber orientation via path, amount crosslinker, type acid used crosslinking (weak to strong), storage medium. This allows tailored flexibility tensile modulus materials in wet state ranging from 1 30 MPa. Application hydrostatic pressure 160–600 mmHg 24 h physiological fluid tubular structure, model cardiovascular system, shows no leakage rupture tube. great freedom offered spatially controlled anisotropy enable production soft robotics